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托福寫作:搞定獨(dú)立寫作開(kāi)頭，你就離高分近了一大步，好的開(kāi)頭是成功的一半，寫作當(dāng)然也不例外。今天，來(lái)學(xué)一學(xué)如何寫好托福獨(dú)立寫作的開(kāi)頭段吧。
獨(dú)立寫作的開(kāi)頭段寫作要遵循3要素：introduction, position, (transition).其中introduction就是引出話題，告知讀者整篇文章討論的話題;position即立場(chǎng)態(tài)度，自己對(duì)該話題所持有的觀點(diǎn);而transition是過(guò)渡，從開(kāi)頭向正文論述部分的過(guò)渡，通常會(huì)直接從內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)上給出全篇的分論點(diǎn)。
Introduction寫法最基本的宗旨就是去思考為什么考試要考這個(gè)話題，是什么現(xiàn)象什么情況使得這個(gè)話題有討論的價(jià)值。思考以下例題：
例1：Students in the future can have the choice to learn at home using high-tech innovations, like TV or internet. Do you think they will still attend traditional schools?
例2：TV advertising directed towards children (aged from 2 to 5) should not be allowed.
例1中，關(guān)于將來(lái)學(xué)生是不是在傳統(tǒng)的教室里上課，這一題和科技發(fā)展有關(guān)系。因此，這一題的introduction部分可以這樣思考：社會(huì)快速發(fā)展，新科技不斷出現(xiàn)，這給人們生活的方方面面都帶來(lái)了影響(Introduction)。其中一個(gè)最大的影響是改變學(xué)生們的上課方式.......
例2中，這一題是在說(shuō)針對(duì)于2-5歲的孩子的電腦廣告應(yīng)該被禁止。從背景上考慮，這一題也可以從科技發(fā)展入手：社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展離不開(kāi)大眾媒體的傳播。其中，廣告作為一種最常見(jiàn)的傳播形式，給人們的生活帶來(lái)很大的影響(introduction)。那么，針對(duì)于2-5歲孩子的廣告是不是允許傳播....
那么，關(guān)于introduction，一共有2種常用形式：背景引入式&主題重申式
背景引入式的開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)：
結(jié)合題目，引入背景，自然過(guò)渡到話題上，最后明確表達(dá)立場(chǎng)
例題：Students in the future can have the choice to learn at home using high-tech innovations, like TV or internet. Do you think they will still attend traditional schools?
開(kāi)頭? We live in a technology world in which technology gives us many opportunities to improve every aspect of our lives. ? One of the most obvious impacts which the technology has on education is that it has changed traditional studying-in-class learning pattern.(引入背景) ? Now we get the chance to study at home by using technology such as computer or television.(過(guò)渡到話題) ? This new learning pattern, which I strongly recommend to everyone(明確立場(chǎng)), will save a lot of time spent on the traveling between schools and living spots; moreover, learners can arrange their time schedule flexibly.(transition，過(guò)渡)
主題重申式，又稱為題目改寫，此種方式的開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)：
改寫題目然后明確表達(dá)立場(chǎng)
例題：Some students like classes where teachers lecture (do all of the talking) in class. Other students prefer classes where the students do some of the talking. Which type of class do you prefer? Give specific reasons and details to support your choice.
開(kāi)頭? There are basically two types of classes in universities, classes where teachers lecture and that where the students do some of the talking. Some students prefer the class in which they can talk because they believe the exchange between teachers and students promotes learning; others will prefer lectures which will deliver far more information to students(改寫題目). ? I prefer the former approach although both teaching and learning approaches are valuable and have relative merits.(明確立場(chǎng)) My reasons are listed below.(transition，過(guò)渡)
上述開(kāi)頭方式雖然明確的表達(dá)了觀點(diǎn)，但是整段讀起來(lái)會(huì)比教啰嗦，因此，下面介紹一種題目重申高級(jí)版，結(jié)構(gòu)同樣是改寫題目?明確表達(dá)立場(chǎng)，但是題目改寫會(huì)非常簡(jiǎn)潔奧。
例題：Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.
開(kāi)頭段：As the society developing rapidly, we can hear such voices sometimes in our life that the modern society makes people morbid and people should retrieve their past life.(改寫題目) However, as far as I am concerned, the overall modern life has virtually made people more delighted than before.(明確立場(chǎng))
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