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今天想告訴備考托福閱讀的童鞋們一個(gè)道理：
時(shí)間不是你最大的對(duì)手，你的注意力才是。用最少時(shí)間，讀最少單詞，你完全可以讀懂。
下面結(jié)合例子教大家在閱讀中如何正確分配好注意力。托福閱讀技巧講解超詳細(xì)
題目
TPO23 Urban Climates
The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing longwave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.
According to paragraph 3, each of the following contributes to making urban areas warmer than the surrounding countryside EXCEPT
A.the fuel burned by motor vehicles
B.the capacity to store heat of the materials used in building a city
C.the easy flow of heat into the ground in city areas covered by vegetation
D.the repeated reflection of solar radiation back and forth among buildings
下面，先真實(shí)還原一下小白的做題思路：
閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)
首先，你先把題目看了一下，問(wèn)的是“城市比周邊城鎮(zhèn)溫度高的因素哪個(gè)沒有看到”。
既然這是排除題，接下來(lái)你先把選項(xiàng)看一遍，到時(shí)候讀原文時(shí)候，看到選項(xiàng)跟原文一致的內(nèi)容也可以盡快排除。
A 說(shuō)的是類似motor vehicles的燃料
B 說(shuō)的是跟儲(chǔ)存材料的熱量有關(guān)的能力（capacity to store heat of the materials）
C 熱量的流動(dòng)（the easy flow of heat）
D 太陽(yáng)能輻射的重復(fù)折射折射（the repeated reflection of solar radiation）
定位原文、選擇答案
接下來(lái)，就回原文看看哪里說(shuō)到溫度高了吧。正好，順著原文往下看：“Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. ”這句話說(shuō)的是有兩個(gè)因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致城市溫度升高，跟題目
說(shuō)是一個(gè)事。那后面提到的那兩個(gè)原因肯定得認(rèn)真看。
The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt.
the first 說(shuō)到了第一個(gè)因素，跟材料有關(guān)，跟B選項(xiàng)一致，可以排除。
繼續(xù)往下看：But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. 這句話說(shuō)到了vegetitive blanket，不正是C選項(xiàng)有提到嘛，排除。
繼續(xù):The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways.
the second factor 意味著，說(shuō)完了第一個(gè)因素后，開始講第二個(gè)因素。并且，還會(huì)說(shuō)兩種方式。反正，我已經(jīng)排除兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)了， 后面肯定會(huì)再有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文。
(1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present
reflection在D選項(xiàng)中見到，可以排除；的確(2) by the dust dome跟A選項(xiàng)也沒關(guān)系。
好了，這道題肯定選A了。
是不是感覺讀的明明白白的，生詞和長(zhǎng)難句也不多，想必自個(gè)兒一定能做對(duì)題呢？ETS可把你盤地清清楚楚。
讀托福閱讀文章時(shí)，一直強(qiáng)調(diào)：不要光顧著翻譯讀句子，一定要學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)出擊，按照邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)把注意力放在最重要的單詞上。
識(shí)別邏輯關(guān)系詞
比如在看到原文，“Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. ”時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了【句間并列】信號(hào)詞“ two other"， 就知道上一句已經(jīng)寫出了一個(gè)因素，而后文還是指出其他兩個(gè)因素?！扒?+后2=3”就是排除三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的依據(jù)。
閱讀邏輯內(nèi)容
接下來(lái)，把焦點(diǎn)放在了第一句“The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat.”， 提煉出一
因素為"the burning of fuel".
后面，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是并列邏輯信號(hào)所有的句子，即“The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city”
The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection ?and (2) by the dust dome.
相繼排除ABD
也就是說(shuō)，你的C答案只是掃了一眼，壓根沒有放在眼里。最后，快速準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案, 而你自認(rèn)為讀地很仔細(xì)，但還是選錯(cuò)答案。
為什么呢？
因?yàn)閗ancy抓住了邏輯關(guān)系詞，預(yù)判出了前后話題展開的方式，把注意力只放在了與邏輯相關(guān)的重點(diǎn)單詞上。
知道，原文中“the first..”和“the second factor..."之間肯定不會(huì)出現(xiàn)新因素，只能是對(duì)第一個(gè)因素material的展開解釋。事實(shí)上，精讀句子，"But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. " 你會(huì)知道：but轉(zhuǎn)折內(nèi)容是將城市與城鎮(zhèn)對(duì)比，concrete and asphalt in city VS vegetation in countryside, 當(dāng)然植物越多，溫度越低。C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是城市有植物造成溫度升高，原文并非如此。
注意力分配
回顧一下，看這篇文章時(shí)候，注意力放在
信號(hào)詞：two other; the first; the second; two way
關(guān)鍵詞：the burning of fuel ,materials, reflection, dust dome
總耗時(shí)：<1min
所以說(shuō)，時(shí)間并不是你最大的敵人。在有限時(shí)間內(nèi)，你把注意力放在哪里非常重要。如果你能準(zhǔn)確篩選出段落關(guān)鍵詞，即便讀的少，理解反倒更準(zhǔn)確，閱讀速度也是相當(dāng)快。
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