18921237919
? ? ? 托福閱讀題型中的排除題的小總結(jié)
這篇文章是對托福閱讀題型中的排除題的小總結(jié)。
你會覺得這個題麻煩嗎？
你會在這個題上周轉(zhuǎn)很久嗎？
這個題是不是有什么技巧你還不知道呢？
那這篇文章會幫到你！
題目要求
這個題要求你選出在文中沒有清楚陳述的答案。
注意喲，對于這個題目來說，正確答案是不正確的選項(xiàng)。
相對應(yīng)的，沒有選出的選項(xiàng)是在文中有呈現(xiàn)。
這個題跟細(xì)節(jié)題一樣，針對的是文章局部信息，但閱讀范圍會比細(xì)節(jié)題大。
題型形式
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of x?
The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT
考察數(shù)量
1-2。可難可易。
選題規(guī)律
第一，仔細(xì)讀題，尋找定位詞字眼。
跟細(xì)節(jié)題的操作方法類似，首先需從排除題題干中找到定位詞。
好處是通過定位從文中確定與題目相關(guān)話題的啟始位置。
我們的目標(biāo)是：只在跟考題相關(guān)的句子上浪費(fèi)功夫！
比如，一個簡單例子：
All of the following are mentioned ?in paragraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT
定位詞：the Pacific islands
第二，逐一閱讀定位句，每讀完一句原文便比對選項(xiàng)。
排除題的考點(diǎn)是并列邏輯關(guān)系。
并列的范圍可大可小，可能在一個句子內(nèi)并列，也可能是句子和句子間并列。
要閱讀哪些句子，不可預(yù)期。
但是，要確保你讀過的句子沒白讀，不會反反復(fù)復(fù)讀，你就要讀一句看一下選項(xiàng)，看看是不是哪個選項(xiàng)可以排除掉。
打地鼠游戲玩過嗎？
你要做的就是，捋起錘子快速在文中把“老鼠”消滅掉。
我們來看個例子
TPO5 The Origin of the Pacific Island People
The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E.
All of the following are mentioned ?in paragraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT
A knowledge of various Austronesian languages
B ?a variety of fishing techniques
C ? navigational skills
D ? knowledge of plant cultivation
以“the Pacific islands” 定位到原文“ The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. ”
此句有多處“，”的并列關(guān)系，“navigation skills”對應(yīng)“C navigational skills”?；
“domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions”對應(yīng)“D knowledge of plant cultivation”?；
“a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques”對應(yīng)“B a variety of fishing techniques” ?；
所以，正確答案是A?
如果閱讀仔細(xì)的同學(xué)可能會留意到A對應(yīng)于原文第二句“these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages”，但與題干意思不符。
當(dāng)然，并列內(nèi)容集中的話，更容易掃蕩答案；若并列話題松散于整個段落，排除起來會比較麻煩，但千萬別錯過了“并列詞”的提示作用。
?。═PO18 The mystery of yawning）
Paragraph2: Another flaw of the tiredness theory is that yawning does not raise alertness or physiological activity, as the theory would predict. When researchers measured the heart rate, muscle tension and skin conductance of people before, during and after yawning, they did detect some changes in skin conductance following yawning, indicating a slight increase in physiological activity. However, similar changes occurred when the subjects were asked simply to open their mouths or to breathe deeply. Experiments have also cast serious doubt on the belief that yawning is triggered by a drop in blood oxygen or a rise in blood carbon dioxide. Volunteers were told to think about yawning while they breathed either normal air, pure oxygen, or an air mixture with an above-normal level of carbon dioxide. If the theory was correct, breathing air with extra carbon dioxide should have triggered yawning, while breathing pure oxygen should have suppressed yawning. In fact, neither condition made any difference to the frequency of yawning, which remained constant at about 24 yawns per hour. Another experiment demonstrated that physical exercise, which was sufficiently vigorous to double the rate of breathing, had no effect on the frequency of yawning. Again the implication is that yawning has little or nothing to do with oxygen.
Paragraph 2 answers all of the following questions about yawning EXCEPT
A Does yawning increase alertness or physiological activity?
B Does thinking about yawning increase yawning over not thinking about yawning?
C Does the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air affect the rate at which people yawn?
D Does the rate of breathing affect the rate at which people yawn?
此段的主題在列舉“打哈欠能提高警覺性”這個理論的缺陷，共三條。分別為：
“Another flaw of the tiredness theory is that yawning does not raise alertness or physiological activity, as the theory would predict.”對應(yīng)于A選項(xiàng)?；
“Experiments have also cast serious doubt on the belief that yawning is triggered by a drop in blood oxygen or a rise in blood carbon dioxide.” 對應(yīng)于C選項(xiàng)?；
“Another experiment demonstrated that physical exercise, which was sufficiently vigorous to double the rate of breathing, had no effect on the frequency of yawning.” 對應(yīng)于D選項(xiàng)?。
可以看到，這三句話有明顯的標(biāo)志詞，即“ Another”、“also”、“Another”，代表是觀點(diǎn)句。
如果能快速發(fā)現(xiàn)他們間的并列關(guān)系，你就可以跳躍中間細(xì)節(jié)輕松找到答案B?。
除此之外，還有一種更簡單的排除題。如果閱讀原文句時發(fā)現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)相反，即可停止閱讀，立即確定答案為這個矛盾選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)榕c原文矛盾就是錯誤的一種類型，即便這時候你沒有將剩余選項(xiàng)與原文匹配。
第三，逐一排除選項(xiàng)，確定答案。
你可能讀一句話選出答案，也可能讀一個自然段。準(zhǔn)確快速識別并列邏輯詞是選答案的一個捷徑。若有選項(xiàng)與原文矛盾，答案選擇輕而易舉。不管怎樣，讀一句原文校對一次選項(xiàng)是快速確定答案的方式。
錯誤選項(xiàng)
與原文信息相符
姓名
手機(jī)號
