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托福閱讀兩招搞定句子簡化題
不管是初學托福的小伙伴，還是準備考試磨槍的同學，都能幫助你更好地了解題型要求。
“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”。
更好熟悉你的對手，才能更快地先發(fā)制人喲。
題型要求
要求選出的答案與考察句的主要意思一致。
但是要注意，可不是要求考察的句子中所有意思都必須在正確答案中一一對應，而是答案能表達出核心含義就可以啦。
說白了，不需要盡善盡美，只需點到為止。
這也就意味著：這個題需要你把考察句的信息進行區(qū)分，最后篩選出最主要信息。
題型格式
題型形式一致。即：
which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
考察數量
0-1個。不是每篇文章中都會出句子簡化題，一篇文章中最多只出一道句子簡化題。
選題規(guī)律
1 關注句內邏輯關系
如果句內出現邏輯關系，那邏輯詞的提示可以判斷句內語意關系，從而快速提煉出句內的關鍵詞。
tips：句子簡化題只考察一個句子意思，所以重點只放在考察句上。因此，對此句句意篩選最有幫助的是句內邏輯關系，而非句間邏輯。
比如：
Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop, but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs when the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.
(TPO42-Geographic Isolation of Species)
A Geographic isolation is sometimes but not always the reason for the creation of reproductive barriers between a parent population and the populations descended from it.
B Genetic changes in a geographically isolated population do not necessarily make the population look different enough from its parent population to be considered a new species.
C Geographical isolation allows the separated populations to evolve independently of each other and so can lead to the formation of new species.
D Geographic isolation can lead to new species only if the gene pool of the isolated population changes enough to prevent it from reproducing with the parent population.
考察句Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop, but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs...中
but 引導的是“creates opportunities”與“does not necessarily lead to ”的對立關系，指的是地理隔離能導致物種隔離，但并不一定總能隔離物種。
because引導的是“ does not necessarily lead to new species” 與“ the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers” 間的解釋關系。說的是，形成新物種的條件是生物間的基因庫經歷了足夠多的改變去建立繁殖障礙，簡化后是“not necessarily ”與“enough changes”間的對應關系，也就是量變才能產生質變，即新物種形成。
轉折信息重點是轉折后的內容，因果關系的重點是因果相關的內容。所以，這句話整體的重點應該放在 “ does not necessarily lead to new species” 的原因是“ the gene pool undergoes enough changes to establish reproductive barriers”這部分上。
A Geographic isolation is sometimes but not always the reason…與轉折關系對應，但遺漏掉因果關系，錯誤?
B Genetic changes do not necessarily make the population look different enough from its parent population…與轉折后的否定信息有關，但語意稍有扭曲，并且未涉及因果內容?
C 表達出“evolve independently of each other” 與“l(fā)ead to the formation of new species”間的因果關系，與考察句語意偏差?
D only if 與考察句because呼應，表達地理隔離形成的條件“l(fā)ead to new species”與“the gene pool of the isolated population changes enough”間的對應關系，與考察句的重點吻合?
2 關注句子主干。
如果考察句中未出現句內邏輯關系，則篩選信息的方向更多依靠主干。
比如：
According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. (TPO19 the mystery of yawning)
AIt is the conventional theory that when people are bored or sleepy, they often experience a drop in blood oxygen levels due to their shallow breathing.
B The conventional theory is that people yawn when bored or sleepy because yawning raises blood oxygen levels, which in turn raises alertness.
C According to conventional theory, yawning is more likely to occur when people are bored or sleepy than when they are alert and breathing deeply.
DYawning according to the conventional theory, is caused by boredom or lack of sleep and can be avoided through deeper breathing.
考察句According to conventional theory, yawning takes place 【when people are bored or sleepy】 and serves the function of increasing alertness [by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels] [that are caused by the shallow breathing] [that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.]
化繁為簡的信息變?yōu)椋簓awning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and yawning serves the function of increasing alertness.
A 簡化信息為：people often experience a drop in blood oxygen levels due to ….細節(jié)正確，但主題yawning沒提到?
B people yawn when bored or sleepy 與考察句yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy同意改寫?；yawning raises alertness 與考察句 yawning serves the function of increasing alertness同意改寫?
C 簡化信息為yawning is more likely to occur when…than when …考察句未將打哈欠發(fā)生概率進行對比,屬于未提及信息?
D 簡化信息為：Yawning is caused by boredom or lack of sleep and yawning can be avoided through…選項中的avoided是考察句中未提及信息?
總結
句子簡化題完成是以篩選句內重點為主?？疾炀渲腥粲芯鋬冗壿?，優(yōu)先關注邏輯相關的內容；若考察句中無句內邏輯，則通過句子拆分抓取主要信息。
錯誤選項
1 與考察句的意思矛盾；2 遺漏考察句中的重要信息。
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