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托福要破百，閱讀是每個(gè)同學(xué)都想把握的機(jī)會(huì)。都說閱讀最容易提分，可單詞背到天荒地老、語法學(xué)到要死要活后，很多童鞋的閱讀成績也一直被吊打。在2018年統(tǒng)計(jì)中，中國大陸考生托福平均分為80分，而閱讀平均分也只是在21，而30分的目標(biāo)一直在地上摩擦。高分根本不簡單喲～
先給大家盤算下閱讀考題形式。閱讀一共有十大題型，分別從詞（詞匯題/指代題）、句（句子簡化題）、段（細(xì)節(jié)：事實(shí)信息題+否定事實(shí)信息題+推斷；結(jié)構(gòu)：功能作用題+插入題）、文章（6選3或表格題）四個(gè)維度設(shè)置，其中詞匯題占比2/10，句子簡化題占比0-1/10，事實(shí)信息題、否定事實(shí)信息題和推斷題占比5-6/10，功能作用題和插入題1-2/10，6選3題或表格題1/10。
21分以下的同學(xué)一定要在句子和細(xì)節(jié)理解題型上多下功夫，25分的同學(xué)要開始學(xué)習(xí)段落結(jié)構(gòu)，而沖刺30分的同學(xué)必須拿下6選3題。
可以說，6選3題是每個(gè)想要拿到高分同學(xué)的攔路虎，今天重點(diǎn)來講解下6選3題的攻克錦囊。不管是小萌新，還是備考老司機(jī)，都會(huì)對你有幫助喲。
很多托福烤鴨們都覺得6選3題好難好難呢，為什么看到總結(jié)題就開始犯怵呢？ 你做這個(gè)題時(shí)，是把全文都看懂，大腦把所有細(xì)節(jié)再演練一遍，再去一一跟選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)嗎？
記住，6選3題并不是純粹的細(xì)節(jié)題，千萬別摩拳擦掌，一手打在棉花上。
我們先來看下題目要求：
題目要求：
Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
大白話版本就是這樣：
文章中有一個(gè)總結(jié)句，我們要做的就是選出主題下的段落主旨，一般來說一個(gè)選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)一個(gè)段落中心。我們選答案的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不僅僅在于選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確，更要看它是不是總結(jié)性的話題。所以，我們在尋找答案時(shí)，首先要清楚我們想讀到什么，然后以關(guān)鍵詞快速篩選。
舉個(gè)例子：
TPO40.3 Amphibian Thermoregulation: ?Although amphibians are poor thermoregulators, they do have some control over their body temperature.
總結(jié)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：兩棲動(dòng)物有體溫調(diào)節(jié)能力，后文會(huì)展開兩棲動(dòng)物具體展開體溫調(diào)節(jié)的方式。
腦子里有清晰的概念后，我們來一一閱讀選項(xiàng)：
A．Frogs, which survive temperature ranges from as low as -2℃ to as high as 41℃, are evidence that amphibians are independent of ambient temperatures.
B．Physical adaptations offer amphibians a number of ways to protect against extreme or dangerous climate conditions.
C．Amphibians can increase their body temperature by exposing themselves to the sun (heliothermy) and by pressing against the ground (thigmothermy).
D．Sunrise is the time when some amphibian species have the greatest need for thermoregulatory mechanisms.
E．Avoidance behaviors, such as sheltering from the sun, as well as estivation and hibernation, help amphibians control their body temperature.
F．Hibernation always involves digging deep holes in mud or sand, whereas estivation sometimes involves nothing more than hiding in deep rock crevasses.
關(guān)鍵詞提取版本為：
A．Frogs, which survive temperature ranges from as low as -2℃ to as high as 41℃, are evidence that amphibians are independent of ambient temperatures.
B．Physical adaptations offer amphibians a number of ways to protect against extreme or dangerous climate conditions.
C．Amphibians can increase their body temperature by exposing themselves to the sun (heliothermy) and by pressing against the ground (thigmothermy).
D．Sunrise is the time when some amphibian species have the greatest need for thermoregulatory mechanisms.
E．Avoidance behaviors, such as sheltering from the sun, as well as estivation and hibernation, help amphibians control their body temperature.
F．Hibernation always involves digging deep holes in mud or sand, whereas estivation sometimes involves nothing more than hiding in deep rock crevasses.
有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，即便在沒有閱讀全文細(xì)節(jié)。只是對選項(xiàng)有個(gè)模糊概念后，甚至足以全部猜對答案?；蛟S，你有一種錯(cuò)覺，總結(jié)題竟然比細(xì)節(jié)題還要簡單，奈何你竟苦苦掙扎那么久?。。?/span>
沒錯(cuò)，掌握了6選3題的規(guī)律，分分鐘你也可以把它變成秒殺題。現(xiàn)在，你只是做對了一件事情：投其所好！題目要求什么，你就重點(diǎn)想什么。讀的太多不深入思考，反倒“只見樹木，不見森林”。
再來看一個(gè)例題：
TPO24-3 Moving into Pueblos: In the thirteenth century, the people in the Mesa Verde area went from living in scattered independent households to living in large pueblos.
Paragraph1: In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.
Paragraph2: For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate).
Paragraph3: Population growth is considered a particularly influential push.
Paragraph4: Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.
Paragraph5: In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation.
關(guān)鍵詞提取版本為：
Paragraph1: In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs. Paragraph2: For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate).
Paragraph3: Population growth is considered a particularly influential push.
Paragraph4: Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.
Paragraph5: In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation.
這篇文章屬于傳統(tǒng)型的現(xiàn)象解釋型文章，即引出人們Moving into Pueblos這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)而解釋該決定產(chǎn)生的原因，包括人口增長、冰川及社會(huì)合作。掐指一算，3個(gè)理由正好與3個(gè)正確答案對號(hào)入座。有個(gè)明確的答案預(yù)期后，我們來看下選項(xiàng)：
A. ? ?Because the thirteenth-century inhabitants of the Mesa Verde area did not have the cultural expectations of today's city dwellers, they easily adapted to communal life.
B. ? ?Even though living in pueblos had disadvantages, the population of the area had grown so large that there may have been no other arrangement that would have met its needs.
C. ? ? From the eleventh century onward, farmers began to increase food production on existing farmland and started bringing more land under cultivation.
D. ? ?A development that contributed to increasing population densities was a cooling climate that led many people to leave the coldest areas and crowd into climatically more favorable areas.
E. ? ? The primary reason for moving to pueblos was the social benefits associated with communal life.
F. ? ? People were brought together by the need to produce food cooperatively, as the use of food surpluses in one place to relieve shortages in another ended due to a change in climate
即便你的單詞和語法基礎(chǔ)不好，kancy也會(huì)確定你能選出正確答案BDF：
A. ? Because the thirteenth-century inhabitants of the Mesa Verde area did not have the cultural expectations of today's city dwellers, they easily adapted to communal life.
B. ? ?Even though living in pueblos had disadvantages, the population of the area had grown so large that there may have been no other arrangement that would have met its needs.
C. ? ? From the eleventh century onward, farmers began to increase food production on existing farmland and started bringing more land under cultivation.
D. ? ?A development that contributed to increasing population densities was a cooling climate that led many people to leave the coldest areas and crowd into climatically more favorable areas.
E. ? ? The primary reason for moving to pueblos was the social benefits associated with communal life.
F. ? ? People were brought together by the need to produce food cooperatively, as the use of food surpluses in one place to relieve shortages in another ended due to a change in climate
好比談戀愛，自己主動(dòng)找的對象總能相處地更熱烈。閱讀也是如此。只有自己在文中主動(dòng)找到的關(guān)鍵詞，才會(huì)印象深刻，選題也能神速。
所以，大家在選題時(shí)候，一定要非常清楚盯著什么要的關(guān)鍵詞去篩選選項(xiàng)，不要久久沉浸在細(xì)節(jié)中不能自拔。也要非常熟悉托福段落展開方式，知道如何快速找到主旨句。總結(jié)題如此，整個(gè)托?？荚囈嗍?。整個(gè)托福備考一定要明確考試要求，熟悉做題套路，再大的問題只要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)拆解總能解決。
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