
? ? ?托福閱讀技巧:預(yù)判后文,這個(gè)技巧絕對(duì)是殺手锏級(jí)別~
為什么預(yù)判后文
有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)質(zhì)疑,閱讀有必要預(yù)判后文嗎?反正閱讀文本可以回讀,即便我一遍沒(méi)讀懂,我還可以再讀一遍,只要一句句順著文章往下讀就完事了嘛。
確實(shí),閱讀基礎(chǔ)不錯(cuò)的同學(xué),一遍就能讀出句子實(shí)質(zhì)。然而,你又有多少次覺得句子都讀得懂,但就不知道它在說(shuō)什么呢?多少次你覺得托福說(shuō)的根本不是人話?明明很簡(jiǎn)單的意思,ETS為啥喜歡兜圈子?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)來(lái)解決。知道“過(guò)一點(diǎn)能畫無(wú)數(shù)條直線”這個(gè)規(guī)律吧?你可以把一句話想成一個(gè)點(diǎn)。從一句出發(fā),你甚至能理解出不同含義。但是,兩點(diǎn)確定一條直線。如果你講句與句連接起來(lái),每句話的重點(diǎn)就凸顯出來(lái)。
再加上考試時(shí)間有限,我們更需要把有限的信息整合起來(lái)。如果你能做到預(yù)判后文,你的閱讀會(huì)更清晰,更明白、更迅速。
如何預(yù)判后文
1 抓住中心句。
托福閱讀段出現(xiàn)很多總分結(jié)構(gòu),第一句即為中心句。中心句會(huì)有抽象詞(比如,effects、factors、reasons、ways等),能提示后文話題。

用一個(gè)例子,說(shuō)的清楚些:
TPO 30
①Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. ②Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. ③Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. ④Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. ⑤Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling.
第一句中costs是抽象名詞復(fù)數(shù),代表并列結(jié)構(gòu),意味著后文會(huì)并列展開“玩的成本‘到底有哪些。所以,下面句子閱讀的重點(diǎn)就放在了與”cost“有關(guān)的內(nèi)容上。通過(guò)therefore、another、also這邊并列邏輯詞,我們快速找到了并列句。接下來(lái)順藤摸瓜,我們就知道玩的成本包括:1)loss of fuel;2) exposure to predators;3) risk of injury。
抓住了段落中心詞,做到對(duì)下文的準(zhǔn)確預(yù)判,話題就如多米諾效應(yīng)迅速破解。
2 留意句間信號(hào)詞
句與句會(huì)以串糖葫蘆那樣連接在一起,句間信號(hào)詞就是這些句子的主線,不至于寫地散架,讀地發(fā)散。 常見句間信號(hào)詞包括:并列(also, another, other...)、轉(zhuǎn)折(however, but...)、舉例(for instance, for example...)、因果(so、therefore...)、遞進(jìn)(indeed, in fact...).
舉個(gè)例子:
TPO 40
①Why is it that higher latitudes have lower diversities than the tropics? ②Perhaps it is simply a matter of land area. ③The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes—a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes—and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as reflection of this effect. ④But an analysis of the data by biologist Klaus Rohde does not support this explanation. ⑤Although area may contribute to biodiversity, it is certainly not the whole story; otherwise, large landmasses would always be richer in species.
在這段話中①②句解釋了一個(gè)事件:熱帶比高海拔物種多樣性低,原因在于陸地面積。即land area ?? diversity. ?③句信息量大,語(yǔ)意晦澀,讓很多同學(xué)讀地云里霧外。事實(shí)上,上下句間并列結(jié)構(gòu),也就是理解③句時(shí)完全依靠你已經(jīng)理解的①②句。
不信,你想想看,the differences in diversity as reflection of this effect(this effect 指代The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes),是不是就在說(shuō)land area ?? diversity。抓住句間信號(hào)詞,能幫你利用已經(jīng)信息快速讀懂未知信息。這樣讀,你會(huì)讀得越來(lái)越輕松,難道不香嗎?
往下看,but信號(hào)詞意味著④句與①②③句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。通常,觀點(diǎn)后的轉(zhuǎn)折是對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥。在這里,我會(huì)預(yù)判后文講“陸地面積不一定導(dǎo)致多樣性”。以這個(gè)角度出發(fā),我往下看時(shí)去找表達(dá)“不一定”關(guān)系的詞,然后就捕捉到了“does not support“、”not the whole story“。所以可以看出,預(yù)判能幫你以更易理解的方式簡(jiǎn)化單詞。這種爽,誰(shuí)用了誰(shuí)知道。
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